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The Holy Roman Empire: A Very Short IntroductionVoltaire's description of the Holy Roman Empire as "neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire" is often cited to underline its worthlessness. German historians traditionally despised it because it had allegedly impeded German unification. Since 1945 scholars have been more positive but the empire's history and significance is still largely misunderstood. In this Very Short Introduction Joachim Whaley outlines the fascinating thousand year history of the
Voltaire's description of the Holy Roman Empire as "neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire" is often cited to underline its worthlessness. German historians traditionally despised it because it had allegedly impeded German unification. Since 1945 scholars have been more positive but the empire's history and significance is still largely misunderstood. In this Very Short Introduction Joachim Whaley outlines the fascinating thousand-year history of the Holy Roman Empire. Founded in 800 on the basis of Charlemagne's Frankish kingdom, its imperial title went to the German monarchy which became established in the ninth and ten centuries. They claimed Charlemagne's legacy, including his role as protector of the papacy and guardian of the Church. Around 1500 the title Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was adopted. An elective monarchy, the empire gradually developed from a feudal monarchy into a legal system that pacified the territories and cities of German-speaking Europe. By 1519 it had a supreme court and a regional enforcement system ended feuding. Throughout its lifetime, the empire's growth and history was shaped by the major developments in Europe, from the Reformation, to the Thirty Years War, to the French revolutionary wars, which led to Napoleon destroying the empire in 1806. The sense of a common history over a thousand years and the legal traditions established by the empire have shaped the history of German-speaking Europe ever since. Joachim Whaley analyzes the empire's crucial impact and role in the history of European power and politics, and shows that there has never been a more durable political system in German history. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 10/01/2018
ISBN: 9780198748762
Pages: 176
Weight: 0.26lbs
Size: 6.80h x 4.20w x 0.50d
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My niece loved it but don’t know how it is overall.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 13, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Un set completo y efectivo para piel con acné
Este set de The Ordinary me ha funcionado muy bien. Incluye productos que se complementan entre sí, ayudando a reducir granitos, controlar la grasa y mejorar la textura de la piel. Después de unas semanas de uso, noté menos brotes y una piel más uniforme.
Me gusta que las fórmulas son sencillas, sin fragancias fuertes, y no me causaron irritación. Es un kit práctico, accesible y con muy buena calidad para quienes buscan mejorar el acné sin gastar demasiado.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 25, 2025
★★★★★ 5
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the best face products i’ve EVER used!
recently i had breakouts going on for months just a week after w
switching to this brand i havnt had a single spot of my face and it’s super hydrating
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Reviewed in the United States on December 20, 2025
★★★★★ 1
Good products but not packaged as a set
I was looking for a gift for my coworker. I thought this was going to come as a set in a box. Not 4 separate items, especially considering the fact that there is a review video posted here that shows a set in a big box together. On closer inspection that review is from a completely different set of Ordinary products not the ones featured in this collection. Why is a review featured for different items? Make it make sense.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 11, 2025
★★★★★ 1
Oops!
Not the quality I anticipated.
Too late to return.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 2, 2026
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